Artificial sweeteners Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artificial sweeteners - Research Paper Example This paper will be about the different brands and types of artificial sweeteners. The focus will be on the effects it has on humans vs. animals. It will explain the safety and hazards of each substance. There are different types of artificial sweeteners that differ from their extract classification. They are large divisions of sugar substitute market, where companies vary from producing it with zero or low calories (Swithers and Davidson 10). There are at least six types of artificial sweeteners (Jaffe 4). Karl Claus who was a chemist discovered the artificial sweetener in 1967. It was approved 1998 for use in beverage. Acesulfame potassium is believed to be 200 times sweeter than the sugar we are used to, and has no calories in it. It is found in beverages, breath mints and baked foods. This type of artificial sweetener is the newest sweetener. Neotame was approved in 2002 as a general sweetener. It has no calories in it, and it sweetness is7000 to 13000 times. Neotame is found in gelatins, puddings, syrups, toppings, jellies, frozen desserts, soft drinks and baked foods. This was the first artificial sweetener discovered in 1879. It was discovered by Constantine Fahiberg as he was working at johns Hopkins University as he was doing a research on the oxidation mechanism. Saccharin has no calories, and it is sweeter than the normal sugar more than 300 times. Biologically, it is not absorbed in the body or metabolized. It is used to sweeten various products ant still used in cosmetics products. Tate and Lyle discovered Sucralose in 1979. Compared to sugar, it is 600 times sweeter and contains no calories in it. The FDA approved it in 1998, where it is used in fifteen different categories of food, including tabletop sweetener. Sucralose is used in frozen desserts, fruit juices, gelatins, chewing gum and beverages. The FDA latter expanded it in 1999 as a general

Language Learning Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Language Learning Activities - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the linkword method, on the other hand, involves using images to link a word in a learner’s first language with a word in the foreign language the learner is learning. For example if an English speaker is learning French the instructor would provide the learner with an image of the object and its English word, and then link it with a French word for the image. In Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition there are five main hypotheses used to understand the process of language acquisition/language learning. These hypotheses are the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. According to the paper these three methods have advantages and drawbacks. There are certain fundamental principles that ensure success of TPR as a learning activity during the process of language learning. These principles are built upon the second language acqu isition theory by Stephen Krashen. The first principle states a language can be learned easier when a student can be in a position to receive a lot of comprehensible input from the natural surrounding. Comprehensible input means something that is simply understandable through communication which Krashen commonly refers to as the communicative act. The second principle is that a language learner benefits greatly from a ‘silent period’ during the learning process. The silent period is the period when the learner tries to understand and to respond to language instructions without attempting to speak. The silent period is natural and language learners speak only when language has fully developed in their brain. A learner will undergo a process of learning where he/she just receives input but stays for a certain period of time before they can speak the language.